34.3 A2 Level

Amides

8 flashcards to master this topic

Key Concept Flip

What are the reagents and conditions required to produce an amide from an acyl chloride and ammonia?

Answer Flip

Amides are formed from the reaction of an acyl chloride and ammonia at room temperature. The reaction involves nucleophilic acyl substitution, where ammonia acts as the nucleophile attacking the carbonyl carbon.

Key Concept Flip

What are the reagents and conditions required to produce an amide from an acyl chloride and a primary amine?

Answer Flip

Amides are formed from the reaction of an acyl chloride and a primary amine at room temperature. The amine acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride in a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction.

Key Concept Flip

Describe the products of amide hydrolysis under acidic conditions.

Answer Flip

Under acidic conditions (

Example: aqueous HCl), amides hydrolyze to form a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt. The ammonium salt is formed because the ammonia produced is protonated by the acid.
Key Concept Flip

Describe the products of amide hydrolysis under alkaline conditions.

Answer Flip

Under alkaline conditions (

Example: aqueous NaOH), amides hydrolyze to form a carboxylate salt and ammonia. The carboxylic acid that is initially produced is deprotonated by the base, forming the salt.
Definition Flip

What reducing agent is used to reduce the CO group in amides?

Answer Flip

Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄) is used to reduce the carbonyl (CO) group in amides. This reduction forms an amine.

Key Concept Flip

What type of product is formed when an amide undergoes reduction with LiAlH₄?

Answer Flip

The reduction of an amide with LiAlH₄ yields an amine. The carbonyl group (C=O) is reduced to a CH₂ group.

Key Concept Flip

Explain why amides are much weaker bases than amines.

Answer Flip

Amides are weaker bases because the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is delocalized into the carbonyl group via resonance. This delocalization reduces the availability of the lone pair for protonation, making the amide less basic compared to amines, where the nitrogen lone pair is more localized.

Key Concept Flip

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and methylamine to produce an amide.

Answer Flip

CH₃COCl + CH₃NH₂ → CH₃CONHCH₃ + HCl. This reaction produces N-methylethanamide and hydrogen chloride.

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34.2 Phenylamine and azo compounds 34.4 Amino acids