11.3 AS Level

Some reactions of the halide ions

10 flashcards to master this topic

Key Concept Flip

Describe the trend in reducing ability of halide ions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻).

Answer Flip

Reducing ability increases down the group (Cl⁻ < Br⁻ < I⁻). This is because the ions get larger and lose electrons more easily due to decreased attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron.

Definition Flip

What is observed when aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous chloride ions?

Answer Flip

A white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) forms: Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s).

Definition Flip

What is observed when aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous bromide ions?

Answer Flip

A cream precipitate of silver bromide (AgBr) forms: Ag⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq) → AgBr(s).

Definition Flip

What is observed when aqueous silver nitrate is added to aqueous iodide ions?

Answer Flip

A yellow precipitate of silver iodide (AgI) forms: Ag⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq) → AgI(s).

Definition Flip

How does the solubility of silver chloride (AgCl) change in dilute and concentrated ammonia?

Answer Flip

AgCl dissolves in dilute ammonia solution. It also dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form a colourless solution.

Definition Flip

How does the solubility of silver bromide (AgBr) change in dilute and concentrated ammonia?

Answer Flip

AgBr is insoluble in dilute ammonia solution. It dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form a colourless solution.

Definition Flip

How does the solubility of silver iodide (AgI) change in dilute and concentrated ammonia?

Answer Flip

AgI is insoluble in both dilute and concentrated ammonia solutions.

Definition Flip

Give the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid sodium bromide with concentrated sulfuric acid.

Answer Flip

2NaBr(s) + 2H₂SO₄(l) → Na₂SO₄(s) + SO₂(g) + Br₂(l) + 2H₂O(l). Note: HBr is formed first, then oxidised to bromine by the sulfuric acid.

Definition Flip

Give the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid sodium iodide with concentrated sulfuric acid.

Answer Flip

8NaI(s) + 5H₂SO₄(l) → 4Na₂SO₄(s) + H₂S(g) + 4I₂(s) + 4H₂O(l). Note: Multiple reduction products of sulfuric acid are formed due to iodide's strong reducing power.

Definition Flip

Give the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid.

Answer Flip

NaCl(s) + H₂SO₄(l) → NaHSO₄(s) + HCl(g)

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11.2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides 11.4 The reactions of chlorine