Temperature scales
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What is a physical property that can be used to measure temperature?
A physical property that changes with temperature can be used for measurement. Examples include the density of a liquid, the volume of a gas at constant pressure, the resistance of a metal, or the e.m.f. of a thermocouple.
What does it mean for a temperature scale to be 'thermodynamic'?
A thermodynamic temperature scale is independent of the physical properties of any particular substance. It is based on fundamental thermodynamic principles, providing a universal standard for temperature measurement.
Give the formula for converting Celsius to Kelvin.
T / K = θ / °C + 273.15. This formula is used to convert a temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K).
Convert 25°C to Kelvin.
T / K = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K. Therefore, 25 degrees Celsius is equal to 298.15 Kelvin.
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, corresponding to zero Kelvin (0 K). At this temperature, all particle motion ceases (theoretically).
Why is the resistance of a metal a suitable property for measuring temperature?
The resistance of a metal changes predictably and measurably with temperature. This allows for precise temperature measurement using a resistance thermometer.
What is the significance of absolute zero on the thermodynamic temperature scale?
Absolute zero represents the point at which a system has minimal thermal energy. It is a fundamental lower limit, essential for calculations and understanding thermodynamic processes.
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