Atomic structure
12 flashcards to master Atomic structure
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Describe the structure of an atom.
An atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells (energy levels).
2.2 Atomic structure: What are the relative masses of a proton, neutron, and electron?
Protons and neutrons have a relative mass of 1. Electrons have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons; its relative mass is approximately 1/1836. The actual mass of an electron is approximately 9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg, demonstrating it is not truly massless but significantly smaller than the mass of a proton or neutron.
Define proton number (atomic number).
The proton number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies an element.
Define mass number (nucleon number).
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the electronic configuration of Potassium (proton number 19)?
The electronic configuration of Potassium (K) is 2,8,8,1.
Topic: 2.2 Atomic structure Question: What is the electronic configuration of the Oxide ion (O²⁻, Oxygen has proton number 8)?
An oxygen atom has electronic configuration 2,6. An O²⁻ ion has gained 2 electrons to achieve a full outer shell, similar to the noble gas Neon. Therefore, the electronic configuration of the oxide ion is 2,8.
What is the electronic configuration of Sodium (Na, proton number 11)
The electronic configuration of Sodium (Na) is 2,8,1.
How is the number of outer shell electrons related to the group number (Groups I to VII)?
The number of outer shell electrons is equal to the group number.
How is the number of occupied electron shells related to the period number?
The number of occupied electron shells is equal to the period number.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different mass numbers.
Key Questions: Atomic structure
Describe the structure of an atom.
An atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells (energy levels).
Define proton number (atomic number).
The proton number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies an element.
Define mass number (nucleon number).
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different mass numbers.
About Atomic structure (2.2)
These 12 flashcards cover everything you need to know about Atomic structure for your Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) exam. Each card is designed based on the official syllabus requirements.
What You'll Learn
- 4 Definitions - Key terms and their precise meanings that examiners expect
- 5 Key Concepts - Core ideas and principles from the 0620 syllabus
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After mastering Atomic structure, explore these related topics:
- 2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures - 11 flashcards
- 2.4 Structure and properties - 9 flashcards
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