7.3

Preparation of salts

12 flashcards to master Preparation of salts

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Key Concept Flip

Describe the general method to prepare a soluble salt by reacting an acid with an insoluble base, carbonate, or metal.

Answer Flip

Add the solid (base, carbonate, or metal) in excess to the acid. Warm the mixture. Filter off the excess solid. Heat the solution to evaporate the water and crystallise the salt.

Example: CuO + H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + H2O.
Key Concept Flip

Describe the general method to prepare a soluble salt by reacting an acid with an alkali using titration.

Answer Flip

Use a pipette to measure a known volume of the alkali into a conical flask. Add a few drops of indicator. Slowly add acid from a burette, swirling the flask, until the indicator shows the endpoint. Repeat without indicator. Heat to evaporate water until crystallisation point.

Example: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O.
Key Concept Flip

Give the general solubility rule for Sodium, Potassium, and Ammonium salts.

Answer Flip

Sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble.

Example: sodium chloride (NaCl) is soluble in water.
Key Concept Flip

Give the general solubility rule for Nitrates.

Answer Flip

Nitrates are soluble.

Example: potassium nitrate (KNO3) is soluble in water.
Key Concept Flip

Give the general solubility rule for Chlorides.

Answer Flip

Chlorides are soluble, except for lead chloride (PbCl₂) and silver chloride (AgCl).

Key Concept Flip

Give the general solubility rule for Sulfates.

Answer Flip

Sulfates are soluble, except for barium sulfate (BaSO₄), calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), and lead sulfate (PbSO₄).

Key Concept Flip

Give the general solubility rule for Carbonates.

Answer Flip

Carbonates are insoluble, except for sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), and ammonium carbonate ((NH₄)₂CO₃).

Key Concept Flip

Give the general solubility rule for Hydroxides.

Answer Flip

Hydroxides are insoluble, except for sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂ - partially soluble).

Definition Flip

Define a hydrated substance.

Answer Flip

A hydrated substance is a substance that is chemically combined with water.

Example: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O).
Definition Flip

Define an anhydrous substance.

Answer Flip

An anhydrous substance is a substance containing no water.

Example: Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄).
Key Concept Flip

Describe the preparation of insoluble salts by precipitation.

Answer Flip

Mix two solutions containing soluble salts that will form the insoluble salt. Filter the mixture to collect the precipitate. Wash the precipitate with distilled water to remove any soluble impurities. Dry the precipitate.

Example: Pb²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) → PbSO₄(s).
Definition Flip

Define the term 'water of crystallisation'.

Answer Flip

Water of crystallisation refers to the water molecules present in hydrated crystals.

Example: CuSO₄.5H₂O contains 5 molecules of water of crystallisation.

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7.2 Reactions of acids 7.4 Oxides

Key Questions: Preparation of salts

Define a hydrated substance.

A hydrated substance is a substance that is chemically combined with water.

Example: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O).
Define an anhydrous substance.

An anhydrous substance is a substance containing no water.

Example: Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄).
Define the term 'water of crystallisation'.

Water of crystallisation refers to the water molecules present in hydrated crystals.

Example: CuSO₄.5H₂O contains 5 molecules of water of crystallisation.

About Preparation of salts (7.3)

These 12 flashcards cover everything you need to know about Preparation of salts for your Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) exam. Each card is designed based on the official syllabus requirements.

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