Replication and division of
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Describe the structure of a chromosome, including its key components.
A chromosome consists of DNA tightly wound around histone proteins. It's composed of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Telomeres are located at the ends.
Explain the significance of mitosis in multicellular organisms regarding growth and repair.
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, crucial for growth by increasing cell number. It also enables repair of damaged tissues by replacing dead or injured cells, ensuring functional restoration.
Outline the key events of interphase in the mitotic cell cycle.
Interphase involves cell growth in G1 and G2 phases, and DNA replication during the S phase. This ensures the cell has sufficient resources and genetic material before entering mitosis.
What is the role of telomeres and why is their function important?
Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. They prevent the loss of genes during DNA replication, maintaining the integrity of genetic information with each cell division.
Describe the role of stem cells in tissue repair.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide by mitosis and differentiate into specialized cells. They replace damaged cells in tissues, facilitating repair and maintaining tissue function.
Explain how uncontrolled cell division can lead to tumor formation.
Uncontrolled cell division, often due to mutations, results in excessive cell proliferation. This forms a mass of cells called a tumor, which can be benign or malignant (cancerous).
Outline the main stages of the mitotic cell cycle.
The mitotic cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2), mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), and cytokinesis (cell division). These stages ensure accurate DNA replication and cell division.
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