Organisation and management

The internal formal framework of how a business is arranged, showing lines of authority and communication. It's important because it clarifies roles, responsibilities, and reporting lines, contributing to efficient operations.

The levels of management within a business, from the highest to the lowest. A tall hierarchy implies many layers of management, while a flat hierarchy has fewer.

The number of subordinates a manager directly controls. A wide span of control means a manager oversees many employees, while a narrow span means fewer employees per manager.

The route by which instructions are passed down through the organisation. A clear chain of command ensures that everyone knows who they report to and who reports to them, facilitating effective communication and accountability.

Passing authority down the hierarchy to subordinates. It's important because it frees up managers' time, develops employees' skills, and can improve motivation.

Reducing the number of layers in the management hierarchy. Benefits can include reduced costs, improved communication, and faster decision-making.

A leadership style where the leader makes all the decisions without consulting employees. It can be effective in crisis situations but can also lead to low morale.

A leadership style where the leader involves employees in the decision-making process. This can improve morale and motivation, but can also be slower.

A leadership style where the leader provides minimal supervision and allows employees to make their own decisions. This can be appropriate for highly skilled and motivated teams.