12.1

Experimental design

12 flashcards to master Experimental design

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Key Concept Flip

Answer Flip

Key Concept Flip

Name appropriate apparatus for measuring temperature.

Answer Flip

A thermometer is used to measure temperature. Common types include liquid-in-glass thermometers or electronic temperature probes.

Example: when investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble chips, a thermometer monitors the temperature of the acid to ensure a fair test.
Key Concept Flip

Name appropriate apparatus for measuring mass.

Answer Flip

A balance (electronic or manual) is used to measure mass. Electronic balances provide highly accurate mass measurements and are commonly used for quantitative experiments.

Example: when weighing reactants before a reaction.
Key Concept Flip

Name appropriate apparatus for measuring volume.

Answer Flip

Measuring cylinders, beakers, burettes, and pipettes are used for measuring volume. Burettes and pipettes are more accurate for precise volume measurements, such as during titrations.

Example: using a burette to dispense a precise volume of acid into a base solution.
Definition Flip

What is a solvent?

Answer Flip

A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. Water is a common solvent.

Example: water dissolves sugar to create a sugar solution.
Definition Flip

What is a solute?

Answer Flip

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. Sugar is a common solute.

Example: sugar dissolves in water to create a sugar solution.
Definition Flip

What is a solution?

Answer Flip

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.

Example: Saltwater is a solution where salt (solute) is dissolved in water (solvent).
Definition Flip

What is a saturated solution?

Answer Flip

A saturated solution contains the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature. No more solute can dissolve.

Example: Adding sugar to water until no more dissolves at room temperature.
Definition Flip

What is a residue?

Answer Flip

A residue is the substance that remains after a process like evaporation, distillation, or filtration. For

Example: When filtering sand from a mixture of sand and water, the sand remaining in the filter paper is the residue.
Definition Flip

What is a filtrate?

Answer Flip

A filtrate is the liquid or solution that has passed through a filter. For

Example: When filtering sand from a mixture of sand and water, the water that passes through the filter paper is the filtrate.
Key Concept Flip

What is the effect of catalyst mass on a reaction?

Answer Flip

The mass of the catalyst has no effect on the reaction. It speeds up the reaction but is unchanged at the end of the reaction. Only a small amount of the catalyst is required to speed up the reaction.

Key Concept Flip

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen. If the mass decreases during this reaction, explain why.

Answer Flip

The mass decreases because oxygen gas escapes from the flask or apparatus. As the hydrogen peroxide decomposes, oxygen is released into the air, reducing the overall mass of the remaining contents.

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11.7 Polymers 12.2 Separation and purification

Key Questions: Experimental design

What is a solvent?

A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. Water is a common solvent.

Example: water dissolves sugar to create a sugar solution.
What is a solute?

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. Sugar is a common solute.

Example: sugar dissolves in water to create a sugar solution.
What is a solution?

A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.

Example: Saltwater is a solution where salt (solute) is dissolved in water (solvent).
What is a saturated solution?

A saturated solution contains the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature. No more solute can dissolve.

Example: Adding sugar to water until no more dissolves at room temperature.
What is a residue?

A residue is the substance that remains after a process like evaporation, distillation, or filtration. For

Example: When filtering sand from a mixture of sand and water, the sand remaining in the filter paper is the residue.

About Experimental design (12.1)

These 12 flashcards cover everything you need to know about Experimental design for your Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) exam. Each card is designed based on the official syllabus requirements.

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