Alcohols
11 flashcards to master Alcohols
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What type of bonding is present in alkanes?
Alkanes contain single covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. These bonds result from the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. This means that each carbon atom in the molecule is bonded to the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms, with no double or triple bonds present.
Describe the general reactivity of alkanes.
Alkanes are generally unreactive due to the strong C-C and C-H bonds and their non-polar nature. They primarily undergo combustion and substitution reactions.
Define a substitution reaction.
A substitution reaction is a chemical reaction in which one atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
Describe the conditions required for the substitution reaction of alkanes with chlorine.
The substitution reaction of alkanes with chlorine is a photochemical reaction that requires ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV light provides the activation energy (Ea) needed to initiate the reaction by breaking the Cl-Cl bond.
What is the name for propan-2-ol?
Propan-2-ol is also known as isopropyl alcohol. It is an isomer of propanol where the -OH group is attached to the second carbon atom.
What are possible products when C₁₀H₂₂ is cracked?
Cracking C₁₀H₂₂ can produce various combinations of smaller alkanes and alkenes. One possible outcome is: C₁₀H₂₂ → C₃H₈ + C₃H₆ + 2C₂H₄
What is formed when propanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?
When propanoic acid (CH₃CH₂COOH) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it forms sodium propanoate (CH₃CH₂COONa) and water (H₂O).
What is the catalyst used to dehydrate ethanol to ethene?
Concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) or aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) are used as catalysts for the dehydration of ethanol to ethene at high temperatures.
What is formed when ethanol is completely combusted?
Complete combustion of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) produces carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).
What are the products of fermentation of glucose using yeast?
The fermentation of glucose using yeast produces ethanol (C₂H₅OH) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). This process is used to make alcoholic beverages.
Key Questions: Alcohols
What type of bonding is present in alkanes?
Alkanes contain single covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. These bonds result from the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. This means that each carbon atom in the molecule is bonded to the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms, with no double or triple bonds present.
Define a substitution reaction.
A substitution reaction is a chemical reaction in which one atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
About Alcohols (11.4)
These 11 flashcards cover everything you need to know about Alcohols for your Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) exam. Each card is designed based on the official syllabus requirements.
What You'll Learn
- 3 Definitions - Key terms and their precise meanings that examiners expect
- 2 Key Concepts - Core ideas and principles from the 0620 syllabus
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After mastering Alcohols, explore these related topics:
- 11.3 Alkenes - 12 flashcards
- 11.5 Carboxylic acids - 12 flashcards
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